The Royal Thai Army issued a statement saying the clash occurred after Cambodian soldiers began firing near Ubon Ratchathani province in eastern Thailand.
Thai soldiers opened fire in response to Cambodian border guards, leading to a gunfight that lasted about 10 minutes before Cambodia demanded a ceasefire.
A spokesman for the Royal Cambodian Army, Mao Phalla, confirmed that "there was a clash", but accused the Thai soldiers of attacking the Cambodian army on patrol duty in the northern Cambodian province of Preah Vihear, bordering Ubon Ratchathani in Thailand.
Spokesperson Mao Phalla did not provide further details.
No side reported any casualties in the latest fighting.
The bloody military clashes between Cambodia and Thailand broke out in 2008 involving the location of an ancient Khmer temple in Preah Vihear, near the border.
The dispute over a piece of land next to the 900-year-old Preah Vihear Temple has led to years of x-ray violence, killing at least 28 people before the International Court of Justice ruled the disputed area over Cambodia.
