Black holes - an area in the universe with such strong attraction that nothing can escape - are a hot topic today. Professor Chris Impey points out that black holes are scary for three reasons. If anything falls into a black hole that forms when a star dies, that object will be torn. The giant black holes observed at the center of all galaxies are extremely "tester-edsing". And finally, black holes are where physical laws take place.
Having studied black holes for more than 30 years, focusing on supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies, the University of Arizona professor noted that most of the time black holes are inactive, but when they are in a state of activity, they swallow up stars and gas, the area near the black hole can light up the entire Galaxy containing that black hole. Galaxies containing active black holes are called star boundaries. With what humanity has learned about black holes over the past few decades, there are still many mysteries to answer.
Black holes are material mushrooms
The black hole in the universe is believed to have formed when a giant star died. After the star's nuclear fuel runs out, the star's core collapses into a state of matter 100 times more dense than that of an athletes, so thick that protons, neutons and electrons are no longer disjointed particles. Because black holes are dark regions that are detected when they revolve around a normal star. The properties of a normal star help astronomers deduce the properties of that night companion, a black hole.
The first black hole confirmed to be Cygnus X-1, the brightest source of X-rays in the Russian star cluster. Since then, about 50 black holes in the universe have been discovered in systems where a normal star follows one black hole's orbit. These are the most recent examples of about 10 million black holes believed to be scattered in the Milky Way.
Black holes in the universe are material fungi: nothing can escape them, not even light. The fate of anyone who falls into a black hole is to suffer painful "spaghettification" - the idea that Stephen Putin popularized in his book "History of Time". During spaghettification, the extraordinarily strong attraction of black holes will stretch the body, separate bones, muscles, tendons and even molecules. As described in his book book book transcripts, it is easy to understand the fate of anyone or object falling into a black hole: All those who step here must give up hope.
The hungry monsters in every Galaxy
Over the past 30 years, Hubble's space kinh observations have shown that all galaxies have black holes at the center, with large black holes in large galaxies. The scale of the black holes in the universe is incredibly different, from several times the Sun to monsters tens of billions of times larger, the difference is as different as an apple to the great pyramid of Giza in Egypt.
In 2019, astronomers published the first photo of a black hole and the event horizon of the black hole - a monster with a mass of 7 billion rays of Sun in the center of the Galaxy M87. This black hole is 1,000 times larger than the black hole in the Milky Way.
Giant black holes are dangerous in two ways. If it gets too close, the giant attraction will attract objects in. And if the black hole is at the standard phase of activity, high-energy radiation will blow away the objects.
Super black hole is very strange
The largest black hole discovered to date weighs 40 billion times the mass of the Sun or 20 times the size of the Solar System. While the outer planets of the solar System rotate around their orbit once every 250 years, the largest black hole rotates once every 3 months. The outer edge of the largest black hole moves at half the speed of light. The center of the black hole is a strange point, a point in space with unlimited density. We cannot understand the black hole because the laws of physics are broken. The freezing time on the event horizon and the attraction become limitless at a strange point.
According to Stephen Hawking, black holes in the universe are gradually evaporating. In the distant future of the universe, long after all the stars have died and the galaxies have narrowed their visibility due to the rapid expansion of the universe, the black hole will be the last remaining object. The largest black holes also take unimaginable years to evaporate, estimated at 10 to 100 or 10 with 100 numbers behind them. The most fearsome objects in the universe are almost eternal, Professor Chris Impey commented.
