In the context of rapid urbanization and population growth in major cities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang and Can Tho, noise pollution not only affects human health but also negatively impacts the quality of life and labor productivity. According to recent studies, noise pollution in Vietnamese cities has exceeded the permissible limit in many cases.
In Ho Chi Minh City, surveys show that noise in many residential areas, industrial parks and public transport is always above 65 decibels (dB), while the level of safety for human health is below 55 dB. This situation becomes more serious during peak hours, when traffic jams and construction and production activities are noisy.
The main causes of noise pollution in Vietnamese cities include noise from vehicles (cars, motorbikes), construction activities, industry, service facilities such as karaoke bars, eateries and public entertainment activities. In particular, traffic noise is the main cause affecting residential areas in major cities.
Noise pollution can cause many serious health problems. According to medical experts, prolonged noise can lead to cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, hearing loss, insomnia, nervous tension, and even depression. Children, the elderly, and people with underlying diseases are the most vulnerable groups.
To reduce noise pollution in urban areas, synchronous solutions are needed from management levels to people. One of the important solutions is to strengthen the management and inspection of noise sources. Specifically, functional agencies need to establish a noise measurement system in high-risk areas such as residential areas, industrial parks, traffic areas and public service facilities. From there, noise pollution levels can be controlled and handled promptly.
Another solution is to improve the public transport system and develop urban infrastructure. Reducing the number of private vehicles and strengthening the development of public transport will reduce the level of noise pollution caused by traffic.
At the same time, measures to build clear roads, build metro lines, and elevated trains will also reduce noise from vehicles.
Notably, the project to amend the Penal Code in 2026, which is being developed and consulted by the Ministry of Public Security until May 7, has made proposals to environmental crimes. Among them, 1 of the 3 acts being considered for criminal handling in environmental crimes is causing illegal noise, vibration and odors exceeding standards.
Solutions to prevent noise pollution need to be implemented synchronously and effectively, including management, improving traffic infrastructure, adjusting construction regulations and raising community awareness.
