The mystery of the writing of cultures
When Bonaparte was only 29 years old, not yet the first General Director (decessarily the Emperor), he had made a great contribution to humanity when he brought to France the "Rosetta Stone". Coincidentally, when digging the battlefield at Julien fortress, near the city of Rashid (Rosetta) east of Syria, Egypt in August 1799, warrior Pierre Francois Bouchard saw a black stone carved with letters.
Immediately, the stone phien was brought to Alexandria for scientists to go with the Crusaders to research. They found that the above document was written in symbolic letters; the text in the middle was almost the same as the Arabian letter; the document at the bottom was readable, written in ancient Greek, a decree dated 196 BC in the name of Emperor Ptolemy V (204 - 180 AD), issued in Memphis (now ruins 19km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile).
Scientists believe that the three documents have the same content, to explore the content of the remaining two documents, they printed many versions and brought the Rosetta Stone to France. In 1814, Bonaparte (now Emperor Napoleon I) after the invasion of Russia, was defeated by Nguyen Soai Kutuzov and suffered consecutive losses in Europe. The European feudal alliance took over Paris, forcing Napoleon to degrade and send him to the island of Elba (mediterania).
The British army was ordered to bring the Rosetta Stone to England, because since its discovery, news about the treasure that preserves the great secrets of ancient Egypt for more than 1,400 years has spread throughout Europe. It is difficult to say how much effort European scientists have put into decoding the mystery of the two autumn texts, but the door to language is still closed in front of them.
When he found Rosetta Stone, a Frenchman, Jean Francois Champion, who was only 8 years old, was lucky to live with those who were passionate about studying Egypt and this passion inspired him. At the age of 13, Champion learned Greek, Latin, ancient Israel, Persian... Champion was determined to read those mysterious autographs and did not understand why he "believed" that the second order was the Coptic word.
Due to the cultural influence between the Sumer and the Akkad people who lived in the Assyria Kingdom (now northern Iraq), the pre-scriptural period around the 4th millennium BC was formed. Sumer created the original handwriting in the 3rd year of the Common era, which was a symbolic word but used negative drawing combined with other drawing to distinguish the concept (called the Hamlet). For example: painting the foot with the first am is going, with the third am is standing; painting a plow next to a person is a plowing person.
The letters of the rules make up about 2,000 symbolic words. They also created the shape, the head is large, the end is small, passed on to the Babilon, Assyria, Akkad... and the ethnic groups in West Asia. The figure is written from top to bottom, from right to left and about 1,500 years ago was the language of diplomatic documents. In the second year of the Common era, the Uganit city in northern Phoenicia (now Li Bang) relied on the shape to form 29 letters, while the southern Phoenicia discovered 24 letters from the Egyptian symbol and gradually dominated, becoming the main language of this country.
The word Phoenicia made a historical mark because it gave rise to the modern words Greek and Latin: The first word Phoenicia is alpha (beef), the second word is beth (house) is the two Greek words alpha and beta; the Latin system also takes these two words as the beginning of alphabet...
When writing became quite popular in Egypt, this word gave rise to a simpler engraved style that was considered the writing of scholars and the common people. These variants are written on sedge paper more easily, called demotics. This change does not take away the symbolic words, especially in the temples and documents considered official. Also due to cultural associations during the long period of ancient Egypt Ptolemaios and ancient Rome, the chu Demotic changed, based on 24 Greek letters and some demotic characters, into Coptic, simulating sound but not Greek.
Perhaps that is why in addition to the ancient Greek, there are two documents in metaphor and Coptic? Champion report the second document, which is Coptic a mixed language is not without basis.
When starting to squeeze the two above documents of Rosetta Stone, Champion synthesized the Coptic word combined with bieu meaning (each symbol combined with a sound corresponding to an idea, for example: Eye and wave (water) means crying) and am (borrowing sound, each symbol corresponds to a am thanh, for example: Regalo corresponds to final sound). Champion asked friends in Egypt to send him copies of the stele text in the ancient architectural works of this civilization. First, he read the names of Greek and Roman famous people such as Alexandria, Jules Caesar, Cleopatre, Augustus, Nero, Ptolemee and the Egyptian pharaons, Thoutmosis, Ramses...
Then he finds the basic character symbols and reads all the symbols. When he completely mastered ancient Egyptian writing, Champion announced his discovery on September 14, 1822. He was appointed by the French government to manage the Egyptian collections at the Luvre museum. In 1827, when surveying Egypt, he traveled along the Nile River and read all the stele documents in all palaces, temples, and tombs of the Pharaon dynasties. Champion became even greater when TK V, Gherapolon, an Egyptian scientist who worked hard to research but could not read ancient Egyptian characters and TK XVII, and some others failed.
Later, Indian writing appeared during the Harappa cultural period (the period of the Indian River basin civilization, early import period III - mid import period II). The Indian people have experienced the words Kharosthi, Sanskrit, Prakrit; from the words Brahmi and Devavagari, there is the word Pali (Southern Phan)... French scholar Laplace wrote: There are 10 words that can be written with enough numbers. Even the generations of the ancient world, Acsimet and Apollonios, did not invent it... how talented were the Indian people.
The Chinese have written documents from the Thuong Dynasty (An - TK XVI - XVII, AD) but are not consistent. During the Qin Dynasty, Ly Tu combined it into the word Tieu Trieu, later changed it to the word Le, then the word Chan, to the current Chinese characters. Ancient Vietnamese is said to be the group of Vietnamese - Muong languages. The national language was developed by Western teachers using the ancient Vietnamese sound system in the 17th century.
Currently, about 6,500 languages have "dered", many of which are "unleable", humanity is using about 3,000 languages and many languages are at risk of being lost.
Please do not "insult" the word!
The mystery of Rosetta Stone is just to repeat the words as the key to opening the door to civilization. However, there are many "diseases" that need treatment, but the disease of "famous" in the sense of words has reached a high level, making it difficult to treat. Every year, there are about 1,500 cases of forging documents and records, from Departure papers to University Certificates, from handwriting to applying high technology, causing a loss of about 1,250 billion VND.
There are words forging the signature (a special form of handwriting) of the person who assigned the number to the Prime Minister, or " knocking on the door of the thunder house", and the signature of the leader of the Institute of Criminal Science (the writing appraisal agency) and the Writing Appraisal. Although the material damage is large, it is only "throwing dogs, catching chickens" compared to the matter of plagiarism; instead of research, synthesizing and citing with "medal drawing", copying, borrowing, studying far away from reality, so after studying, it is not possible to "use" them; then discourage competitions for "achievements" or doctoral disorder, because these things have ruined many generations.
Everyone knows that changing the form cannot change the content, but when the National Language (using 27 Latin characters) is simple, convenient, easy to learn, easy to remember, and is in peace, people "revolutionize" it by using the letter e to start the alphabet, with the reason of being difficult to listen to or recently someone wants the elderly and children to start learning again because they have changed too many facades of the letters! If these changes make Vietnamese a big language like English or French, then it is too much! ?
Two modernists in the same period, Fukuzawa Yukichi in Japan and Nguyen Truong To in our country, both believe that education is the only way to reach civilization, but these methods certainly do not "teach" human thinking to improve!
