Hanoi is a city with a very high population density, and land funds are increasingly scarce. Therefore, to solve the problem of development without breaking heritage structures or encroaching on water surface space and green space, according to the City People's Committee, planning needs to shift to exploiting "space resources" vertically (multi-layered) and integrating core values (culture - ecology - economy) in the same space (multi-layered).
In the Master Plan of the Capital with a 100-year vision, the City People's Committee clearly stated that the application of the "multi-layer - multi-layer" model helps integrate many goals in a urban space. This model will help increase land use efficiency (the same land area but create many times the value of use thanks to underground and elevated exploitation); improve living quality (liberate ground for green trees and people, solve congestion and flooding thanks to underground and elevated spaces, and at the same time preserve cultural identity).
Multi-layered space
The city will organize the urban space vertically, including: underground space, low-lying space, ground, elevated space, high-lying space.
Underground space will include a network of pedestrian tunnels connecting buildings, underground commercial centers, underground squares, underground public works; underground transportation system (interconnected underground parking lots, tunnels for motorized vehicles), underground technical infrastructure system (electricity, water, drainage...); strategic technical infrastructure system (security, defense); urban railway system (deep).
The low-lying space (under 1,000m) includes the ground space and the low-lying airway space, which is the main living space, economic activity and transportation of the city.
The ground is a priority space for people, culture and nature.
In the above-ground space (up to 1,000m), the city develops high-rise complexes (at TOD compression points, ring roads) to save land; an elevated pedestrian bridge system connecting buildings; planning air corridors for new generation vehicles (air taxis, drone delivery) and tourism activities, smart city monitoring.
The high altitude space (over 1,000m) is the air and climate security control space.
Multi-layered urban structure
The multi-layered urban structure includes: Heritage - culture layer; ecological - natural layer; economic - digital layer.
According to the planning content, the city promotes and preserves the historical values of the city such as the structure of the ancient citadel (Hoang Thanh, Co Loa), the old quarter, old streets and architectural imprints through the periods.
The system of parks, water surfaces, and green spaces interspersed in each project (green architecture), covering the roads (forests in the city), forming a circular ecosystem right in the heart of the city, improving the living environment.
Production, trade, service, finance and knowledge economy activities are exploited from underground space, ground to digital space, creating added value for the urban economy.
Intelligent technology (AI, Big Data, IoT, Digital Twin) does not exist independently but plays the role of a control, supervision and support tool for socio-economic activities.
