Currently, coffee is the drink that starts a new day for many people. According to studies from 2021-2026, moderate coffee consumption is not only safe for most healthy adults but also helps reduce cardiovascular risks.
A 2022 study based on data from the UK Biobank confirmed that drinking 2-3 cups of coffee a day significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, arrhythmia, heart failure, death and the development of dementia.
Research by the American Heart Association Journal in 2016 also showed that there was no abnormal increase in heart rate in regular coffee drinkers.
In another study in the International Journal of Molecular Science in 2025, it was shown that antioxidants and polyphenols in coffee help improve endometrial function. From there, it helps reduce inflammation and prevent plaque formation in the lumen.
However, Dr. Basavaraj Utagi - cardiology doctor, senior consultant at Fortis Hospital (India) - notes that the response to caffeine in each person is different. People with a slow caffeine metabolism, people with high blood pressure or anxiety disorders may experience different effects, instead of receiving the desired health benefits.
Regarding blood pressure, caffeine can cause temporary high blood pressure from 5-10 mmHg in about 3-4 hours after drinking. People with uncontrolled high blood pressure need to pay special attention and monitor the index regularly.
Regarding heart rate, in moderate doses, coffee does not change long-term heart rate. However, sensitive people may experience transient palpitations. People with atrial fibrillation should closely monitor symptoms and talk to a cardiologist.
Regarding cholesterol, the mixing method plays a decisive role. Filtered coffee (mixed with phin or filter paper) is best because it helps eliminate diterpen - a substance that increases bad cholesterol (LDL).
According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a level of 400 mg of caffeine per day (about 2-4 cups) is safe for healthy people. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should limit it to below 200 mg. People with anxiety disorders, insomnia or slow caffeine metabolism genes should prioritize decaf coffee (fat-free coffee).
To optimize benefits, you should limit additives such as sugar, syrup, cream,... because they increase calories and cholesterol. Instead, use low-fat milk, nut milk or a small amount of honey.
Dr. Utagi also advises you not to drink coffee on an empty stomach if you are prone to restlessness. If symptoms such as dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath appear after drinking, seek immediate medical attention.
