Nord Stream is a 1,224 km long gas pipeline system in the Baltic Sea, running from Vyborg, Russia, to the coast near Greifswald, Germany. This pipeline is used to transport Russian natural gas to Europe.
The Nord Stream gas pipeline has the capacity to transport 55 billion cubic meters of gas per year. From Greifswald, the gas is transferred to Germany's grid and other European energy markets, including the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and the United Kingdom.
The pipeline, valued at 7.4 billion euros (9.76 billion USD), was built and operated by Nord Stream - a joint venture consisting of Gazprom of Russia (51%), Wintershall and E.ON Ruhrgas of Germany (each holding 15.5%), the Dutch gas infrastructure company Nederlandse Gasunie (9%), and the French company GDF Suez (9%).
The Nord Stream project began construction in April 2010, with the first line coming into operation in November 2011 and the second line in operation in October 2012.
However, in September 2022, Nord Stream, along with the parallel Nord Stream 2 pipeline system, was damaged. To date, the perpetrator of the explosion on the two gas pipelines has not been found.
In addition to Nord Stream, GlobalData notes that there are other long offshore pipelines around the world, including:
The Langeled gas pipeline in the North Sea, 1,166 km long, running from the Nyhamna processing facility off the coast of Norway to the Easington receiving terminal on the east coast of the United Kingdom.
The Ichthys export pipeline in the Timor Sea, 889 km long. This pipeline is being developed as part of the Ichthys LNG Project to transport gas from the Ichthys field in the Browse Basin to the LNG processing facility onshore at Blaydin Point, Darwin, Australia. This is the world's third-longest offshore pipeline.
The Franpipe pipeline, 840 km long in the North Sea, connecting the Draupner E platform with a receiving terminal at the Ouest Port in Dunkerque on the French coast.
The Zeepipe-I pipeline, 813 km long, connecting the Sleipner platform in the North Sea with the Zeebrugge receiving terminal on the Belgian coast.
The gas pipeline from the Asgard field to the Karsto processing plant in northern Stavanger, 707 km long. This North Sea pipeline was built at a cost of 1.4 billion USD and was designed to operate for 50 years, coming into operation in 2000.
The underwater Europipe-II pipeline, 658 km long, running from the Karsto processing plant to the Dornum receiving facility in Germany. Europipe-II was put into operation in October 1999, with an investment of 1.17 billion USD.
The Europipe-I gas pipeline, 620 km long, running from the Draupner E platform in the North Sea to Emden, Germany, which has been in operation since 1995.
