Phases of the Menstrual Cycle and Their Effects on the Skin
Menstrual phase
This phase starts on the first day of your menstrual cycle and lasts for about 3-7 days. “Low levels of hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, can have a number of effects on your skin,” says Dr Sukirti Jain, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (India).
Skin conditions: Low estrogen means reduced collagen production and slower skin cell turnover, which can lead to dull skin.
Sensitivity: During your period, your skin can be more sensitive and prone to irritation. If you suffer from conditions like eczema or rosacea, they may flare up at this time.
Acne: The temporary increase in testosterone-to-oestrogen ratio during menstruation can trigger oil production leading to acne or making the condition worse.
After menstruation:
After your period, the follicular phase begins. During this time, estrogen levels gradually increase, peaking just before ovulation. This is one of the best phases for skin health.
Skin Condition: Estrogen fuels collagen production, increases skin thickness, and improves moisture retention, resulting in brighter, plumper, and more hydrated skin.
Skin Improvement: High estrogen levels promote faster skin cell turnover, leaving skin relaxed, brighter and more even-toned.
Balanced Oil Production: Unlike the previous phase, oil production tends to be well regulated during this phase and acne and oily skin will be noticeably reduced.
Ovulation phase:
During this phase, estrogen peaks and testosterone levels also increase slightly.
Increased radiance: Estrogen levels make your skin look its best during ovulation. This is because estrogen stimulates blood circulation, delivering more nutrients and oxygen to skin cells.
Increased oil production: A slight increase in testosterone during ovulation causes a slight increase in oil on the skin, which can lead to acne.
Luteal phase:
The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and lasts until the start of your next menstrual period. During this phase, progesterone levels increase slightly, while estrogen levels gradually decrease. These hormonal changes can lead to the most noticeable changes in your skin.
Acne and pimples: According to Dr. Jain, progesterone stimulates sebum production which can lead to clogged pores and acne.
Swelling and inflammation: Hormonal changes contribute to increased acne-related inflammation in the skin during this stage.
