The role of sugar and starch in pregnancy
According to Dr. Neerja Goel, Senior Gynecologist, Sharda Care - Healthcity (India), carbohydrates are an important source of energy for the body, providing fuel for daily activities. Sugar, a simple carbohydrate, provides quick energy. However, not all carbohydrates have the same effect on the body. Sugar and refined carbohydrates (such as white bread, sugary snacks, soda, and cakes) are absorbed quickly by the body, leading to a sudden increase in blood sugar levels. This can leave the body feeling tired, craving for food, and feeling hungry after a short time.
In contrast, complex carbohydrates (found in whole grains, fruits and vegetables) are digested and absorbed more slowly by the body, providing a more stable and sustainable source of energy. These foods also provide a lot of fiber, which has significant health benefits. Especially during pregnancy, maintaining stable blood sugar levels is important to protect the health of both mother and fetus, as large fluctuations in blood sugar can cause unwanted problems for both.
Risks for the mother
Gestational diabetes
Dr. Goel highlighted one of the most serious risks of consuming too much sugar and carbohydrates during pregnancy: gestational diabetes. This is a condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control blood sugar, leading to high blood glucose levels.
Weight gain
A diet rich in carbohydrates and sugars can also lead to excessive weight gain during pregnancy. When you consume too many simple sugars, your body may experience a surplus of calories that are difficult to burn, leading to weight gain. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can affect the health of both mother and baby.
Increased inflammation
This is a particular concern during pregnancy, Dr. Goel emphasizes, as excessive inflammation can lead to complications like insulin resistance and contribute to gestational diabetes. Furthermore, chronic inflammation has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes, including premature labor and placental problems.
Risks to baby
Increased risk of birth defects
A diet high in sugar and carbohydrates can create an unhealthy environment for fetal development. When blood sugar levels are high, it can negatively affect fetal development, increasing the risk of birth defects, especially those involving the heart and spine.
Fetal overgrowth
Consuming too much sugar and refined carbohydrates during pregnancy can also lead to fetal macrosomia, which is when the baby grows too large in the womb. This happens when excess glucose from the mother's blood is transferred to the fetus, causing the baby to store more fat.
