Why are women more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease?
Dr. Suri, Senior Neurologist at Indraprastha Apollo Hospital (New Delhi, India), said that several factors contribute to this disparity, including biological, genetic and environmental factors. In addition, after menopause, women are susceptible to hormonal changes.
During menopause, women experience a sharp drop in estrogen levels. Estrogen protects brain cells, especially nerve cells, which are responsible for transmitting signals.
It also helps the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center, function. Low levels of this hormone accelerate brain aging and trigger changes that lead to the deposition of certain proteins, called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. These damage cells and prevent neurons from communicating with each other.
Another factor that makes women more susceptible to Alzheimer's than men is that they live longer on average than men, and age is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's, Dr. Suri added.
Then there are genetic risk factors like the presence of the APOE-e4 gene, which seems to affect more women than men. Research has shown that women who carry this gene variant are more likely to develop the disease than those who carry the male gene.
What happens to the brain during menopause?
Dr. Suri says imaging studies show that women's brains undergo significant changes. The brain's energy metabolism becomes less efficient, leading to a decline in function. There is a breakdown of connections between nerve cells, further impairing cognitive function.
Some women experience memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and slower information processing during menopause, often referred to as “brain fog.” While these symptoms may improve after menopause, they can also be early signs of an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Natural Ways to Boost Brain Health in Women
While there is no sure way to prevent Alzheimer's, adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially after menopause, can help reduce risk factors, says Dr. Suri.
1. Mental activities such as reading, solving puzzles, learning new skills, and engaging in social interactions have been shown to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
2. Studies show that women who participate in physical activity throughout their lives have a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, you should exercise regularly.
3. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and healthy fats, has been linked to better cognitive health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, walnuts and flaxseeds, are particularly important for maintaining brain health.
4. Chronic sleep deprivation may increase your risk of Alzheimer's disease. Maintain a regular sleep routine, limit caffeine, and create a relaxing bedtime routine.
