High blood pressure
High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the brain, leading to vascular problems that increase the risk of dementia. If left uncontrolled, it can also increase the risk of stroke and cognitive decline, says neurologist Smita Patel at Endeavor Health.
Diabetes
High blood sugar can impair blood supply to the brain and cause blood vessel damage, which can negatively impact memory, says dietitian, diabetes care specialist and educator Erin Davis.
Vitamin deficiency
Vitamins are essential for overall health, including brain health. B vitamins are especially important, as deficiencies in vitamin B12, thiamin, or folic acid can contribute to cognitive decline, says Erika Hutz, MD, a physician at Endeavor Health.
Depression
Depression can be both a risk factor and a consequence of cognitive decline, affecting overall brain health, says neurologist Smita Patel. When depression is severe, it can lead to pseudodementia, which is characterized by dementia-like symptoms including memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and poor decision-making.
