Tattooing is increasingly popular in many countries. In Australia, about 1/3 of the population has tattoos because many people see this as a milestone of maturity.
However, a study by an ophthalmology team in Australia, published in the scientific journal Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, recorded 40 cases of peritonitis related to tattoos in the period 2023-2025. Globally, the number of cases has doubled since 2010.
This condition is called "tapeworm due to tattoos". The disease occurs when the body's immune response to tattoo ink causes inflammation, not only in the tattooed skin but can also spread to the eyes.
Some types of tattoo ink may contain toxic chemicals. In most cases, the body does not react to these substances. However, in some people, the immune system may recognize tattoo ink as a dangerous agent and trigger an inflammatory reaction.
Inflammatory cells can break down the protective barrier between blood and the eye, thereby causing peritonitis. This is the middle layer of the eye, which plays an important role in regulating light and helping the eye focus on objects.
People with the disease may experience symptoms such as sudden eye pain, red eyes, or light sensitivity. In severe cases, the disease can lead to glaucoma or damage to the optic nerve, causing vision loss.
The disease is still considered rare. However, some scientists believe that the actual number may be higher because it has not been fully diagnosed.
Studies also show that peritonitis is often accompanied by inflammation at the tattoo site. Symptoms can appear after tattooing from a few months to many years.
Some factors can increase the risk of the disease, such as large tattoos or using black ink. People with overactive immune systems or suffering from medical conditions may also be more prone to complications.
Peritonitis can be treated with steroid eye drops in mild cases. In severe cases, doctors may inject steroids directly into the eye or use immunosuppressants for a long time.
However, treatment does not always bring complete results. Some patients still experience temporary or permanent vision impairment, even complications such as cataracts or glaucoma.
Experts recommend that people with tattoos should see an eye doctor if they notice swelling or abnormal signs of vision such as eye pain, red eyes, or light sensitivity.
