According to Dr. Nadhia, Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery in Canada, cholesterol is an important substance in the body, helping to build cells, produce hormones and aid digestion. However, if cholesterol levels are too high, it can clog blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol travels in the blood through lipoproteins and is classified into three types:
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): Often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, it can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL): The "good" cholesterol, which helps remove excess cholesterol from the blood.
Triglyceride: A type of fat that provides energy but can be harmful in large amounts.
Maintaining a healthy balance between these components is important, and ideal levels vary depending on age, gender, and overall health.
Cholesterol levels by age
Children and adolescents (2–19 years)
Monitoring cholesterol is important, especially for children with a family history of heart disease. Ideal cholesterol levels are:
Total cholesterol below 170 mg/dL
LDL below 110 mg/dL (bad cholesterol)
HDL above 45 mg/dL (good cholesterol)
Encourage a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and maintain regular exercise. This will help protect your heart health long-term.
Young adults (20–39 years old)
At this age, lifestyle begins to have a strong impact on cholesterol levels. Ideal cholesterol levels are:
Total cholesterol below 200 mg/dL
LDL below 100 mg/dL
HDL: Above 40 mg/dL for men and above 50 mg/dL for women
Triglycerides below 150 mg/dL
Maintaining physical activity, eating a diet low in saturated fat, and avoiding smoking and alcohol will help maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
Middle-aged (40–59 years old)
As we age, our metabolism slows down, causing cholesterol levels to often become higher. In this age group, ideal cholesterol levels remain the same as in previous age groups, but more attention is needed, especially in postmenopausal women, when LDL levels can increase. Lifestyle changes can help control cholesterol, but some people may need medication (such as a statin) to reduce their risk.
Seniors (60 years and older)
At this age, the priority is reducing your risk of heart disease, rather than focusing solely on your cholesterol levels. Ideal cholesterol levels are:
LDL below 100 mg/dL
HDL above 50 mg/dL
Triglycerides below 150 mg/dL
For older adults with chronic conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure, cholesterol goals may be adjusted individually. Managing the condition with a combination of medications and lifestyle is the best way to reduce the risk of heart disease.
Conclude
“Cholesterol management is a lifelong process,” Dr. Nadhia emphasizes. “Regular screening, starting at an early age, helps you understand your health risks. A healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding tobacco, are effective ways to control cholesterol and prevent related health problems.”
