According to Dr Chetna Jain, Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals (India), postpartum bipolar disorder (PPBD) is a rare but serious mental condition that affects women after giving birth. It causes extreme mood swings, ranging from euphoria to depression, and can affect the ability to care for themselves and their newborn.
Symptoms of postpartum bipolar disorder
“PPBD symptoms typically appear within the first few weeks to months after birth,” says Dr. Jain. “They can be categorized as manic, depressive, and psychotic symptoms.”
Symptoms of mania:
- Increased energy and restlessness.
- Reduces the need for sleep without feeling tired.
- Think fast and talk fast.
- Impulsive or risk-taking behavior, such as overspending or making reckless decisions.
- Increased self-confidence or feelings of self-esteem.
- Irritable or aggressive.
Symptoms of depression:
- Persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
- Tired and lack of energy.
- Difficulty concentrating.
- Loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed.
- Changes in appetite and sleep habits (insomnia or sleeping too much).
- Suicidal thoughts or behavior.
Psychotic symptoms:
In some cases, women with PPBD may experience psychotic episodes such as delusions, hallucinations, or paranoia. These are dangerous conditions and require immediate treatment.
“Postpartum bipolar disorder can develop rapidly if symptoms are ignored. Early detection and intervention are crucial to protect both mother and baby,” says Dr. Jain.
Causes of postpartum bipolar disorder
Hormonal changes: After giving birth, levels of hormones like estrogen and progesterone drop dramatically, which can cause mood disorders in those who are susceptible.
Genetic factors: If there is a family or individual history of bipolar disorder or other mood disorders, the risk of developing PPBD increases significantly.
Lack of sleep: Disrupted sleep after giving birth often exacerbates mood swings, causing episodes of mania or depression.
Psychological stress: The physical and emotional pressures of caring for a newborn, along with social factors, may contribute to PPBD.
Previous mental health conditions: Women with a history of mental health problems, especially bipolar disorder, are at increased risk of relapse or new episodes after giving birth.
Conclude
PPBD can have serious consequences if left untreated. It can affect the mother-child relationship, make breastfeeding difficult, and cause family stress. In severe cases, if left untreated, PPBD can lead to self-harm or endanger the baby.
“Timely treatment, along with family support, can help a mother get through this difficult time and protect her mental health,” Dr. Jain emphasizes. “A comprehensive treatment approach is an important factor in helping with recovery.”
