Smoking attacks the retina and optic nerve
Studies show that cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic chemicals that enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation and destroying sensitive tissues in the eyes. Common consequences are aging yellow spot degeneration (AMD), hyperapnea and cataracts. These are all major causes of impaired vision.
Even if a patient quits medication, the retina can still be permanently damaged, says Dr Gregg Feinerman, eye surgeon and director of Feinerman Vision (USA. The extremely small blood vessels in the eyes continue to constrict, leading to a buildup of waste under the retina and promoting AMD's progression."
Genetics play a role in many cases of yellow spot degeneration, but smoking is considered a factor that doubles the risk. According to the Hoang Dinh Association, nearly a third of AMD cases are the result of a combination of genetics and smoking.
Dr Taariq Mohammed, Associate Professor and retina surgeon at the University of Maryland (USA) emphasized: You cant change your genet, but you can completely control your smoking habits. Regardless of the level, reducing or quitting will bring clear benefits".
Cigarette and electronic cigarette: New risks to the eyes
Not only can holding a cigarette or inhaling secondhand smoke also cause eye surface irritation. Ophthalmologist Jacquie Bowen, President of the American nhan Association, warned: Nicotine and blackness can stick to contact lenses, causing a burning sensation, dry eyes and increasing the risk of cataracts.
Notably, e-cigarettes are also unsafe. A 2017 study in the US showed that the chemical steam in e-cigarettes can aggravate oxidative stress and inflammation, two factors that directly destroy retina tissue. E-cigarette users often experience moderate to severe dry eyes, the quality of tear film is significantly reduced compared to non-smokers.
Mohammed added: We have evidence on cell models that some compounds in e-cigarettes damage the retina. However, the level of long-term danger in humans still needs further research".
How to protect your eyes from the harmful effects of tobacco
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), quitting smoking at any age can significantly reduce the risk of eye disease. Examining your eyes comprehensively every year is a way to maintain your vision, especially for those who have or are smoking.
To support healthy eyes, Mohammed recommends adopting a diet rich in green vegetables, fruits containing antioxidants, fatty fish, while maintaining stable blood pressure and cholesterol. Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle also help slow down the deterioration of yellow spot.
The eye is unlikely to recover from damage, so quitting smoking early is the best option to protect long-term vision, Bowen concluded.
