“Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Its symptoms can vary widely, including muscle weakness, fatigue, vision problems, and cognitive difficulties. However, it can also affect your cardiovascular health, leading to conditions like stroke and heart attack,” says Dr Jagadesh Madireddi, Consultant Cardiologist, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
Links between multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
People with MS may be at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and stroke, according to Dr. Jagadesh Madireddi. This may be due in part to a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, other factors such as depression (a common problem in MS patients) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, as depression can lead to unhealthy eating habits, smoking, or decreased physical activity levels.
Decreased cardiovascular function
MS patients have lower blood circulation due to reduced mobility and weakness. This affects cardiovascular function and increases the risk of heart-related diseases.
Inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Both MS and cardiovascular disease involve inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Although the inflammation in MS primarily affects the nervous system, it may also contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Obesity and other risk factors
People with MS tend to be less active due to symptoms of the disease such as fatigue, muscle weakness or difficulty moving. This sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity, high blood pressure and metabolic disorders, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
How to minimize risk?
“A heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and exercise tailored to your physical abilities are important,” says Jagadesh Madireddi, PhD. “For MS patients, cardio exercises, including water aerobics and chair exercises, are particularly beneficial.”
Regularly monitoring blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels. Additionally, addressing unrecognized factors, such as poor sleep habits and mental health issues, is important to help reduce overall risk.
