Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily known for its impact on the joints, causing inflammation, pain and stiffness. However, its effects often extend beyond the joints, affecting various parts of the body, including the mouth and teeth, says Dr Raghavendra BR, Dentist, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Kengeri, Bengaluru (India).
The link between rheumatoid arthritis and oral health
Gum disease (periodontitis)
“RA increases the risk of periodontitis, a serious form of gum disease,” says Dr. Raghavendra. “Inflammation in the joints can also affect the gums, making them more susceptible to infection.” If left untreated, it can lead to receding gums, tooth loss, and even overall health problems linked to heart disease.
Dry mouth (Xerostomia)
Many medications used to control RA symptoms can cause dry mouth as a side effect. Reduced saliva flow increases the risk of tooth decay and gum disease because saliva plays an important role in neutralizing acids produced by bacteria in the mouth and washing away food particles.
Function problem
“RA can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), causing pain, stiffness, and difficulty opening and closing the mouth. This can lead to problems with chewing and speaking,” adds Dr. Raghavendra.
Increased risk of tooth decay
RA patients may have difficulty maintaining oral hygiene due to joint pain and mobility issues. This can lead to plaque buildup, which combined with reduced saliva production, increases the risk of tooth decay.
How to maintain oral health while treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Regular dental checkups: People with RA need to see their dentist regularly for cleanings and checkups. Dentists can detect early signs of gum disease or tooth decay and provide appropriate treatment.
Practice good oral hygiene: Be sure to brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day, floss daily, and use mouthwash if your dentist recommends it.
Managing dry mouth: If your medication causes dry mouth, drinking plenty of water throughout the day and using mouthwash may help relieve discomfort.
