What is sepsis?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sepsis (blood poisoning) is a systemic infection that occurs due to the repeated invasion of bacteria and their toxins into the bloodstream. The inflammatory response causes many changes in the body, causing the body to overreact and damage many organs. In severe cases, it can lead to septic shock and death if not treated immediately.
Septic shock
“If sepsis is not treated promptly, it can progress to septic shock. Septic shock occurs when blood pressure drops to dangerously low levels, depriving organs of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to multiple organ failure and death if not treated immediately,” said Dr Harish Chafle, Consultant Critical Care Physician and Chest Physician at Global Hospitals, Parel Mumbai (India).
Organ dysfunction
According to Dr. Harish Chafle, sepsis can cause dysfunction in many organs, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart. Without timely intervention, the dysfunction of these organs can become irreversible, leading to long-term complications.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Sepsis can cause a condition called disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), in which blood clots form throughout the body's small blood vessels. This can lead to excessive bleeding and organ damage, making the condition worse.
Respiratory failure
Sepsis can impair lung function, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Without proper treatment, patients may require mechanical ventilation to assist breathing and be at risk of death.
Lower blood pressure
Sepsis often causes low blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to tissues. This deprives organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell dysfunction and tissue damage.
Altered mental state
Sepsis can also have negative effects on the brain, leading to confusion, disorientation, and even coma.
