Why does winter worsen asthma symptoms?
Cold and dry air
“Cold air can irritate the airways, causing them to constrict and narrow, causing symptoms like wheezing, coughing and difficulty breathing. The dryness of cold air further increases irritation, making the airways more sensitive and inflamed,” says Dr Kiran Dhake, Corporate Healthcare Physician and Imaging Specialist, Mumbai (India).
Home heating system
During the winter, people tend to spend more time indoors and use their heating systems. The dry air from these systems can irritate the throat and nose, making asthma symptoms worse. Additionally, heating ducts can release dust, allergens, and pet dander, all of which can aggravate asthma.
Increased risk of respiratory disease
Winter is peak season for respiratory infections, which can cause inflammation in the airways, making asthma symptoms worse, says Dr. Dhake.
Poor air quality
In winter, temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, reducing air quality. Additionally, heating systems such as wood-burning stoves and fireplaces release dust and pollutants that can make asthma worse.
Decreased vitamin D levels
“Limited sunlight exposure in winter can reduce vitamin D levels. This can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of respiratory allergies, contributing to respiratory inflammation,” explains Dr. Dhake.
How to reduce asthma in winter?
Dr. Dhake offers strategies for controlling asthma during cold weather:
Dress warmly: Wear a scarf or mask to cover your nose and mouth when going out, which helps warm the air and reduce irritation to the airways.
Use a humidifier: Keep the air in your home moist to avoid dryness and reduce respiratory irritation. Clean the humidifier regularly to avoid mold.
Take your medications regularly: Use your asthma medications as prescribed, including maintenance and rescue inhalers, especially in the winter. Carry your medications with you when you go out.
Good hygiene: Wash your hands often, avoid contact with sick people, and get a flu vaccine to prevent infection.
