That great victory opened a new era in the history of the nation - the era of independence, unity, and the whole country moving towards socialism.
The victory of the resistance war against the US, saving the country is the result of many factors, namely: the ingenious and wise leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh with the right way of war, the right revolutionary method; is the spirit of heroic, resilient, intellectual and creative fighting of our army and people during the 21 years of the long -term, arduous and sacrificing battlefield; is the strength of the great unity bloc of the entire nation, the great reinforcements of the northern rear and the will of the large frontline of the South; is the solidarity of combat, sticking with glue between the three countries of Vietnam - Laos - Cambodia, along with the great and valuable help of the Soviet Union, China and the socialist countries, the agreement, support and cheers of the progressive people and peaceful love in the world.
Contributing to that great victory, there are excellent feats of the people's armed forces, the sacrifices of millions of heroes and martyrs. Dai hoi Dai bieu Toan quoc lan thu IV cua Dang (thang 12.1976) ghi nhan: “Dai hoi tuyen duong can bo, chien si cac luc luong vu trang nhan dan anh hung, suot may chuc nam rong da chien dau cuc ky anh dung, tu gay tam vong, sung kip da lon len thanh nhung binh doan hung manh, danh thang nhung ke thu hung ac, lap duoc nhung chien cong oanh liet tu tran Dien Bien Phu den Chien dich Ho Chi Minh, lam rang ro truyen thong ve vang cua quan doi ta, cung voi toan dan viet nen ban anh The magic of the Vietnamese revolutionary war! ” [2].
To successfully carry out strategic tasks in the resistance war against the US, our Party and State have paid special attention to and paid attention to building a strong and developed people's armed forces, becoming the core to fight with the entire people and defeating the invaders, firmly protecting the achievements of the revolution.
The war has gone half a century behind, but the lessons learned about building the people's armed forces in the resistance war against the US to save the country are still valid in both theory and practice, outstanding:
First, maintain and strengthen the absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Party, the centralized and unified management and administration of the State over the people's armed forces.
This is not only a profound lesson in the resistance war against the US, saving the country, but also the principle of immutability and immutability in building the people's armed forces of the Party and the State. Even in the early stages of the resistance war, the 12th Central Party Conference expanded (March 3, 1957) issued a resolution on the issue of military construction and consolidation of defense.
The Resolution determined the motto "actively building a mighty People's Army gradually gradually reached regularization and modernization" [3] and determined to build the army, consolidate defense as the task of the whole Party, the whole army and the entire people. In order to successfully carry out the task of building an army, consolidating national defense, the resolution pointed out: "The decisive factor is to strengthen the leadership of the Party and the Government" [4].
Implementing the 12th Central Resolution, under the absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Party, the centralized management and administration of the State, the support, nurturing and assistance of the people and the army of our army have continuously developed, growing stronger, with all components, military force, navy, air defense - air force and main army; Together with other forces and the entire people creates the general strength to defeat the war strategies of the US - Wei.
Together with the leadership of building the People's Army, the Party and the State, paying attention to, taking care of construction, strengthening and developing the People's Public Security Forces and the militia and self -defense force. The Party Central Committee, the Politburo and the Secretariat have many important resolutions and directives in leading and directing the construction of the People's Public Security Forces into an absolute dictatorship of the Party and the State, closely related to the masses, a strong, armed, tight, professional and technical and technical qualifications; Placing the People's Public Security Forces under the leadership "Direct, comprehensive and unified in all aspects" [5] of the Party.
For the Militia and Self-Defense Forces, in the resistance war against the US to save the country, our Party has a policy of "taking consolidation as the main focus, while developing steadily in every place, focusing on vulnerable areas", "all newly built factories, public works, and agricultural fields must have an organization of self-defense, with officers in charge of strict direction"; [6] accordingly, the Militia and Self-Defense Forces are built and developed firmly and widely, both ensuring labor production and ensuring the task of peace and combat when necessary.
Forecasting in the coming time, the world situation continues to have many fluctuations, rapid development, complicated and difficult to forecast. In the country, the cause of innovation, construction and defense of the Fatherland achieved great achievements and historical significance; The country's, potential, position and international reputation have been raised, which is an important premise for the country to reach out in the new development era.
However, besides the advantages, the country also faces many difficulties and challenges, appears new complicated issues, especially the limitations, weaknesses, conflicts, in society has not been resolved completely; The hostile forces enhanced the anti -sabotage, denied the leadership role of the Party, "non -politicized" armed forces. That situation requires maintaining and strengthening absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Party, the centralized management and administration of the State for the People's Armed Forces and the cause of national defense, security and defending the Fatherland become more urgent and meaningful to determine the process of development, maturity, fighting and victory of the People's Armed Forces.
The new context requires us to continue promoting the construction and adjustment of the Party and the political system with policies and solutions drastic, synchronized, non -stop, without rest, comprehensive politics, ideology, ethics, organizations and officials. Along with improving the effectiveness and effectiveness of leading the economic, cultural, social, foreign, party, the Party, the State continues to lead, direct the construction and consolidation of the entire people's national defense, the national defense posture and the people's security, the people's security posture, associated with the construction and consolidation of the "population battle" firmly; building a revolutionary, regular, elite and modern people's armed forces; Strong politics, synthetic quality and high combat strength, as the core in the cause of defense, security and national defense in the new situation.
Continuing to study theory, summarize practical, perfect the Party's leadership mechanism, manage and operate the State for the People's Armed Forces, associated with strengthening the effectiveness and efficiency of the Party, political work, contributing to maintaining and strengthening the absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Party, the management, central management and unity of the State for the people's armed forces; Do not be passive, surprised by any situation.
Second, special attention should be paid to building the political and spiritual elements of the people's armed forces.
Thoroughly grasping the score of V.I.Lenin: "In every war, ultimately victory depends on the spirit of the masses on the battlefield" [7] and the view of President Ho Chi Minh: "No military, any atmosphere can knock down the sacrifices of the entire nation" [8], the Party, the people of the people always attach great importance Especially in the resistance war against the US, saving the country, when our army and people must fight against violent enemies, with the most economic and military potential in the world.
Our Party pointed out: "In terms of thought, we must grasp more thorough viewpoints of the long -term, self -reliance, and self -reliance; must foster the strong will, the heroic spirit of fighting, overcome all hardships, determination to kill the enemy, to completely liberate the South, to unify the country; to be alert, to cleverly preserve and hide the force, to be in danger, to prevent adventure, to be in danger, to be in danger, to be in danger, to be in danger, to be in danger, to be in danger, to prevent adventure.
In order to build a powerful people's armed forces, to meet the requirements of the long -term, arduous and fierce resistance war, our Party advocates first of all to strengthen the political education, the leadership of the ideology, to conduct political training in the whole army, to consolidate the agricultural class, raising the level of socialist enlightenment, the patriotic spirit in accordance with the spirit of improving the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit, the spirit of improving the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit of the spirit; Overcoming the idea of reducing the will to fight, the god, arrogant, freedom of organization, and undisciplined.
Due to building political and solid factors, the people's armed forces were not afraid of hardships, sacrifices, and refusing to subdue to violent enemies, heroic fighting, cunning, creative, creating glorious feats, and the entire population won the great victory in the war against the US and saved the country; Definition of the country and Vietnamese people in the Ho Chi Minh era.
The power of the people's armed forces is created by many factors; In particular, political and mental factors are the most basic. Thoroughly grasping the view of "the previous one, the rear gun" of President Ho Chi Minh, in the current situation, continues to determine the building of a strong political people's armed forces is the most important task, a principle matter, as a basis to improve the combined quality and fighting strength of the people's armed forces. Thoroughly grasping this principle, first of all, it is necessary to strengthen propaganda, education, thoroughly grasp and raise awareness for cadres and soldiers of the People's Armed Forces on the Party's policies and policies, defense and security.
On the basis of thoroughly the view of "ensuring national defense and security is important and regular", the people's armed forces need to raise the spirit of revolutionary vigilance, regularly grasp the situation, advise and directly handle timely and effective situations on national defense, security and external relations, not to be surprised, prevent war risks, conflicts, insecurity, and early implementation of the country; Keeping water from the water is not in danger.
In the face of the emergence of war forms, combat types, strategic spaces, and new methods of conduct war, the Central Military Commission - Ministry of National Defense, the Central Public Security Party Committee - Ministry of Public Security and Party committees, commanders, and authorities at all levels need to pay special attention to leading, directing, educating, and training officers and soldiers of the People's Armed Forces in all aspects; constantly improving political mettle, patriotism and revolutionary heroism, being ready to endure hardship, sacrifice, daring to fight, knowing how to fight, and determined to defeat all invaders, firmly defending the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in all situations.
Third, build a people's armed forces in sufficient quantity, with a synchronous, balanced, reasonable organization, structure, and composition, with comprehensive quality and high combat strength.
In order to meet the task requirements of the resistance war against the US and the country, our Party and the State continue to build and develop the people's armed forces consisting of three military troops: the main army, local soldiers and self -defense militia. The Resolution of the Politburo (meeting from 6 to 10.12.1962) on the situation, direction and task of the immediate work of the Southern Revolution set out the motto of building and developing the armed forces in the South, which determined: "Widely develop guerrilla and militia, improve the quality of the main army and local army" [10]; At the same time, clearly defining the specific direction and number of each military need to focus on construction in the South.
During this resistance war, our Party and State built and developed the main army including army and military. In particular, building the main army as the core force on the Southern battlefield. The air defense - air defense, naval army was built and developed, and the people and other forces defeated the war of destroying the US Air and Navy of the United States to the North. Along with that is the organization and development of large fronts and main blocks in the strategic transport zones and troops on Truong Son Street, which has made the main army really the main force to implement the strategy of mastering and attacking the enemy across the country, and the entire population to completely liberate the South and the reunification of the country.
Under the leadership and direction of the Party, the State, the local soldiers were built and developed rapidly across the country, with quality development in the resistance war against the US and saving the country. In the North, the local soldiers were built to meet the task of protecting the Northern Socialist region with many infantry, air defense, soldiers, artillery established ... On the battlefield of the South, all districts, towns, provinces and cities organized local soldiers to develop armed struggle and political struggle, develop three Mui Giap Cong (Military, Political and Mountains).
The militia is widely developed according to the principle of having a leading party organization, suitable to the conditions of each locality, construction site, farm, factory, and enterprise, on a medium and small scale, suitable for different types of war, different situations.
The construction of the people's armed forces in the resistance war against the US and saving the country has ensured the balance between the military and forces, in accordance with the development of the revolutionary armed struggle, with the strategic position of each army, in accordance with the way of people's war in each period, on each battlefield and across the country. Each military, each force is trained and trained comprehensively, constantly improving the general quality and combat strength, meeting the requirements of combat tasks; Closely coordinated with other forces, creating the combined strength of the people's war posture, and the entire people made a great victory in the spring of 1975.
Today, in the face of the requirements of tasks in the new situation, the People's Armed Forces need to continue to research, adjust, arrange, reorganize, ensure quality, quantity, composition, organization, and appropriate structure.
Accordingly, the people's armed forces should thoroughly grasp and strictly and effectively implement the Party and State's guidelines on organizing the organizational structure of the streamlined political system, effective and effective operation; Regarding the construction of the People's Army and the People's Police, especially the Resolution No. 05-NQ/TW of January 17, 2022 of the Politburo on the organization of the Vietnam People's Army in the period of 2021-2030 and the following years, Resolution No. 12-NQ/TW of March 16, 2022 of the Politburo on promoting the construction of the People's Public Security Forces is really clean, strong, modern, and modern, and the new, modern, modern, modern, modern, modern, modern, modern, and modern police force.
Continuing to adjust the organization of the People's Army in the direction of fine, compact, strongly associated with the arrangement of forces and improving the quality of human resources, ensuring the overall, synchronous and rationality between the components and forces, in accordance with the national defense policy, the people's war and the ability to ensure weapons and equipment; adjust the organizational structure of the People's Police in the direction of the planet, comprehensive province, strong commune, clinging to the basis; building a powerful reserve force, a strong and widespread militia forces in the regions and sea.
Focus on innovating and improving the quality of military training, technical and tactical qualifications, political education, comprehensive training combined with ensuring good logistics and techniques for the people's armed forces; promote international integration and foreign defense and security, contribute to improving the quality of the overall and combat strength of the armed forces, meeting the requirements of national defense, security, and national defense tasks in the new situation.
Fourth, ensure good weapons and technical equipment for the people's armed forces; actively research and flexibly apply Vietnamese military art to meet all types of war and the development practice of combatants.
In the resistance war against the US, saving the country, along with the view of "the former, the rear gun", our Party and State always identified weapons and equipment as a basic factor, creating the fighting strength of the armed forces. On that basis, our Party and State have many leadership measures, directing the improvement, ensuring weapons, equipment and technical means for the armed forces in the direction: "Combining rudimentary weapons, ordinary weapons and relatively modern weapons, increasingly modern" [11].
The main measures to improve and ensure weapons and equip the people's armed forces in this period are: shopping, receiving aid, self -produced in the country, collecting enemy; At the same time, proficient use and creation of existing weapons and equipment with high performance. As a result, the people's armed forces, especially the People's Army, had a relatively synchronous weapon and equipment system, relatively modern, ensuring the synthesis quality and combat strength were raised, enough to defeat the invading enemy with superior advantage in weapons and equipment.
In parallel with ensuring weapons and equipment for the people's armed forces, our Party and State pay special attention to leading, directing research, development and applying creative, flexible, and proficient military art in accordance with the new conditions of the resistance war against the US to save the country.
The development rule of this resistance war in the South is to combine armed struggle and political struggle, combine revolutionary war and armed uprising, military offensive and mass rebellion, destroy the enemy and gain control. In which, armed struggle played a decisive and decisive role in the final stages of the resistance war through large-scale military campaigns.
The People's Armed Forces have flexibly applied, flexibly and constantly creating combat art in each battle, each campaign, especially the art of organizing and using forces, the art of force motor skills, the art of creating battle situations, the art of suspected warfare, the art of selecting directions, lines, targets and ways of attack... creating superior advantages in terms of strength to win step by step, towards the final victory.
Today, with the strong development of science, technology and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, ensuring new-generation, modern weapons, military equipment, and security for the armed forces has become a trend in many countries around the world.
Modernizing the armed forces, especially the People's Army and the People's Public Security, is a correct policy of our Party and State, in line with the conditions and socio-economic development of the country and the trend of developing military science and technology and security in the world.
To realize that policy, along with building people as the central factor, with decisive significance, it is necessary to pay attention to ensuring good weapons and technical equipment for the people's armed forces, and the long-term sustainable solution is to develop the defense industry and security industry.
Continue to thoroughly grasp and effectively implement the guidelines and ways on the development of national defense and security industry with the motto of proactive, self -reliant, self -reliance, duality, modern, closely linked and become a key of national industry, meeting the requirements of modernization, ensuring weapons, equipping armed forces in all situations. At the same time, promoting theoretical research, practical review, consulting world experiences to develop military art, art of national security and social security in the new situation.
Fifth, build and develop a close relationship between the armed forces and the people, together with the entire people to successfully implement the Party's people's war guidelines.
The Vietnam People's Armed Forces are organized, led, educated and trained by the Communist Party of Vietnam and Uncle Ho, with a deep working class nature, people's character and national character, fighting for the Party's goals and ideals, for the happiness of the people.
Relying on the people, absolutely being loyal, serving the people and solidarity and closeness to the people is both a fundamental principle in enhancing the revolutionary nature, people's character and nationality of the armed forces, and a precious traditional beauty of the People's Army, People's Public Security and the Vietnam Militia.
President Ho Chi Minh taught: The important point is that any key army, local army, or militia must stick close to the people and leave the people to defeat. Taking advantage of the people is how to win the hearts of the people, trust them, be popular with them, and love them. So, no matter what is difficult, it can be done and will definitely win12.
In the resistance war against the US, saving the country, the nurturing, supporting, protecting and helping the people, being provided by the people for manpower and material resources with the spirit of "the paddy did not lack a weight, the army did not lack a person" helped the people's armed forces quickly developed.
The Resolution of the Politburo (December 1962) determined: "The development process of the patriotic war of the Southern people is the development process of a guerrilla war, the entire, comprehensive and long -term war, against a strong, brutal and poisonous enemy" [13]. Therefore, building and sustainable development of the relationship between the armed forces and the people, the whole people fighting and winning are not only a principle issue, but also a major strategy to successfully implement the Party's people's war line.
Under the leadership of the Party, in the years 1959 - 1960, the armed forces effectively supported the people of the Southern region to rise up, carrying out the Dong Duong movement, and mastering many large rural areas.
In the years the US imperialism implemented the "Special War" strategy (1961-1965), the Southern army and people promoted the motto of "two legs, three nose", combining political struggle with armed struggle; At the same time, mobilizing people in strategic hamlets to fight, combined with military and military attacks, breaking the plan to formulate a strategic hamlet of the US - Wei.
When the American Empire switched to implementing the strategy of "Local War" (1965-1968), our army and people continued to carry out the resistance war of the people, actively attacking the enemy in all three strategic regions, and defeating the destructive wars of the American Empire to the North.
The victory of the 1968 General Offensive and Rebellion and the 1975 General Offensive and Rebellion, completely liberating the South, the reunification of the country is the most vivid symbol of the strength of the entire resistance against the people's armed forces as the core under the wise leadership of the Party.
In the current period, the People's Army, the People's Police, the militia and self -defense militia need to constantly promote the glorious tradition, especially to build a solidarity relationship, stick with flesh and blood with the people, uphold the sense of responsibility to serve the people and protect the people.
Promoting the nature, traditions and achievements of the People's Armed Forces, it is necessary to continue to better carry out mass mobilization work through practical actions to contribute to improving the material, spiritual and peaceful life of the people; taking the lead in preventing, combating and overcoming the consequences of natural disasters and epidemics, searching for and rescuing, being ready to be present in vulnerable and dangerous places to protect people's lives and property.
Actively propagate and mobilize people to participate in building armed forces and national defense, national security associated with building a strong "people's heart posture", promoting the great role of the people in implementing the national defense and people's security guidelines, creating a great combined strength to successfully carry out the cause of building and defending the Fatherland.
The victory of the anti -American resistance war is the great achievement of our nation in the twentieth century. Affirming the ingenious and wise leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh in planning the resistance line, building the people's armed forces, meeting the high requirements of the resistance war against the invaders.
The people's armed forces have fulfilled the noble mission, and the entire people completed the cause of completely liberating the South and the reunification of the country. The lessons learned from the resistance war against the US and the country, including lessons on building the people's armed forces, are particularly important, need to continue to be researched, applied and promoted more, contributing to the successful implementation of the cause of building and defending the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the new era.
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[1] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, volume 37, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004, p. 471.
[2] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 37, p. 474.
[3] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, collected 18, p. 287.
[4] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, vol. 18, p. 300%.
[5] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 22, p. 257.
[6] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 22, p. 243.
[7] V.I.Lenin, Complete, volume 41, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005,tr. 147.
[8] Ho Chi Minh, Complete, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011, volume 4,tr. 89.
[9] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 23, p. 147.
[10] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 23, p. 831.
[11] The Steering Committee for summarizing the War under the Ministry of Politics, Vietnam Revolutionary War 1945-1975 - Victory and Lessons, National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi, 2015, p. 338.
[12] Ho Chi Minh, Complete, Sd, volume 4,tr. 448.
[13] Communist Party of Vietnam, Complete Party Documents, SDD, volume 23, p. 818.
