What is the immune system?
The immune system is a system of cells, tissues and organs in the human body that plays a role in protecting the body against the invasion of viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and foreign antigens that cause disease from the outside.
Without an immune system or a weakened immune system, pathogens can easily attack, putting the body at high risk of disease. Therefore, a strong immune system helps your body limit disease and stay healthier.
Does menstruation weaken the immune system?
Menstruation itself does not weaken the immune system. But hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can affect immune function. According to a study published in the Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the sex hormone progesterone fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle and can affect the immune system.
Another study published in the journal Mucosal Immunology found that progesterone may reduce the body's ability to fight infections.
Here is the link between menstrual cycle and immunity:
- During menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels are often low. This reduces immune function and during this period, women are more susceptible to infections.
- During the follicular phase, which occurs after menstruation, estrogen levels begin to increase. Estrogen has an immunostimulatory effect, temporarily boosting immune function.
- Ovulation, which occurs around mid-cycle, is when estrogen levels peak. The increase in estrogen can further boost immune function, protecting the body against infection.
- After ovulation, during the luteal phase, progesterone levels increase while estrogen levels decrease. Progesterone has an immunosuppressive effect, meaning it can reduce the immune response. Therefore, immune function may be somewhat suppressed during this phase, increasing a woman's risk of infection.
