High blood sugar
High glucose levels occur when the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively to transport glucose from the blood to the muscles, organs, and tissues, where glucose is used for energy.
Hyperglycemia often occurs in situations such as consuming too many carbohydrates, eating more than usual, not taking enough insulin or diabetes medications as prescribed, or reducing physical activity levels.
High stress levels can increase blood sugar levels.
Common signs of high blood sugar include frequent urination, fatigue, dry or itchy skin, feeling thirsty, recurring infections, and eating more but not gaining weight as usual.
Blood sugar levels above 180 mg/dL are considered high and can cause the above symptoms.
If your blood sugar level exceeds 300 mg/dL, this can be dangerous and should be reported to your doctor immediately. If symptoms such as confusion, nausea, or dizziness appear, go to the nearest medical facility.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Low blood sugar occurs when there is not enough glucose in the blood to fuel the organs, muscles, and tissues. This condition often occurs when you do not eat enough food, especially foods containing carbohydrates, are taking blood sugar lowering medications, or are doing more physical activity than usual.
When blood glucose drops too low, the body responds by releasing epinephrine (adrenaline) — a hormone released from the adrenal glands. This hormone increases the heart rate and can cause symptoms such as sweating, shaking, anxiety, and irritability.
If the brain does not get enough glucose, the person may have difficulty concentrating, have confused thoughts, or slurred speech. In severe cases, lack of glucose can lead to seizures, coma, or even death.
For people with glucose levels below 70 mg/dL, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the “15-15 rule” of consuming 15 grams of carbohydrates. Wait 15 minutes, then check your blood sugar again.
If blood sugar level is still low, repeat the process until it reaches at least 70 mg/dL.
